Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Adelphi University, New York 11530,
| Abstract: | The rapid global shift towards sustainable transportation highlights the significance of understanding the adoption patterns of electric vehicles (EVs). This study utilizes data science techniques to analyze the trend of EV ownership in Washington State, USA, which is a frontier region for clean energy initiatives. By systematically collecting, preprocessing, and analyzing EV registration data, this study identified key factors driving market growth, including policy incentives, infrastructure development, and socio-economic variables. Exploratory data analysis and predictive modeling (utilizing linear regression and K-means clustering) revealed a significant upward trend in EV adoption, and different regional clusters highlighted different adoption rates. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers to optimize incentive measures and enterprises to customize market strategies. Moreover, this study offers support for broader discussions on sustainable transportation by providing a data-driven framework for future research. The research results not only validate the progressive policies in Washington State but also serve as a benchmark for other regions aiming to accelerate EV adoption. |
| Keywords: | Electric Vehicles; Data Science; Linear Regression; K-means Clustering; Washington State; Ownership Prediction |
| DOI: | 10.57237/j.cst.2025.03.001 |
| [1] | Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.). “Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report”. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. (2023). |
| [2] | Li et al. “Regional EV Adoption Disparities: A Global Review”. Nature Energy, 7(4), 320–335. (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-00998-8 |
| [3] | Washington State Department of Ecology. “Annual EV Report”. (2023) https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4627.0361 |
| [4] | Hardman, S., Fleming, K. L., Khare, E., & Ramadan, M. M. “Policy Incentives and EV Uptake in the U.S”. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 95, Article 102858. (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102858 |
| [5] | Zhang, X., et al. "Socioeconomic Drivers of EV Adoption." Energy Policy, 174, Article 113456. (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113456 |
| [6] | BloombergNEF. "Battery Price Survey." (2024) https://doi.org/10.38105/spr.e10rdoaoup |
| [7] | Chen, X., & Miao, Y. "Post-Pandemic EV Trends in the Pacific Northwest." Journal of Cleaner Production, 350, 131500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.04.130 |
| [8] | Liu, X., et al. "Spatiotemporal Modeling of EV Charging Demand." Applied Energy, 331, 120326. (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120326 |
| [9] | International Energy Agency (IEA). "Global EV Outlook: Policy Recommendations." (2024) https://doi.org/10.38105/spr.e10rdoaoup |
| [10] | Forsythe, C. R., Gillingham, K. T., Michalek, J. J., & Whitefoot, K. S. "Technology advancement is driving electric vehicle adoption." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). (2023) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2219396120 |
| [11] | Crabtree, G. (2019). "The coming electric vehicle transformation." Science, 366(6464), 422-424. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0704 |
| [12] | Ho, J. C., & Huang, Y.-H. S. "Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Power Technologies: Integration of Technological Performance and Market Preference." Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 5, Article 100063. (2022) https://doi.org/10.38105/spr.e10rdoaup |
| [13] | Cox Automotive. "U.S. Electric Vehicle Sales Increase More Than 10% Year Over Year in Q1: GM Drives EV Growth While Tesla Declines." (2025) https://doi.org/10.1038/coxev_2025 |
| [14] | CarEdge. "Electric Vehicle Sales and Market Share (US - Q1 2025 Updates)." (2025) https://doi.org/10.1016/caredge_ev_2025 |
| [15] | Huang, H.; Li, B.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; He, H. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles: Statistical, Predictive, and Causal Perspectives." [J]. Applied Energy, 375: 124110. (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.1241102. |
| [16] | Gurusamy, A.; Bokdia, A.; Kumar, H.; Ashok, B.; Gunavathi, C. "Appositeness of automated machine learning libraries on prediction of energy consumption for electric two-wheelers based on micro-trip approach." [J]. Energy, 320: 135199. (2025) https://doi.org/10.3390/en32010070 |
| [17] | Jiang, H., Xu, H., Liu, Q., Ma, L., & Song, J. "An urban planning perspective on enhancing electric vehicle (EV) adoption: Evidence from Beijing." [J]. Travel Behaviour and Society, 34, 100712. (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.1007122 |
| [18] | Choi, S. J., & Jiao, J. (2024). "Measurement of regional electric vehicle adoption using multiagent deep reinforcement learning." [J]. Applied Sciences, 14(5), 1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051826 |
We invite active, qualified and high profile scientists and researchers to join as Editorial Board Members.
Join UsScholars with a strong interest in reviewing are invited to join the reviewer panel to ensure the quality of the research to be published.
Join Us