Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress and Atomization Cooling Optimization for Hot-Rolled H-Beam
College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| Abstract: | The I-shaped cross-section of hot-rolled H-beam leads to a significant difference in cooling rate between the web and flange during air cooling, which tends to generate large residual stress within the section, affecting the dimensional accuracy and load-bearing capacity of the member. To investigate the formation mechanism of residual stress and the control effect of flange atomization cooling, Q235B hot-rolled H-beam was taken as the research object. A three-dimensional geometric model was established using SolidWorks, and a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model was built on the Abaqus platform. The temperature field evolution and residual stress distribution under natural air cooling and two atomization cooling conditions (with convective heat transfer coefficients of 100 W/(m2·K) and 150 W/(m2·K) on the flange surface) were simulated. The results show that under natural air cooling, the cooling rate is relatively low, the maximum residual stress is about 98 MPa, mainly concentrated at the junction of the flange and web, and the residual stress in the middle of the web is about 16 MPa. After adopting flange atomization cooling, the cooling efficiency is significantly improved, the temperature field becomes more uniform, and the residual stress is greatly reduced. When the heat transfer coefficient is 100 W/(m2·K), the maximum residual stress drops to 0.1114MPa; when it is increased to 150 W/(m2·K), it further decreases to 0.0591 MPa. Regardless of the cooling method, the residual stress fluctuates most severely during the initial cooling stage (the first 3000 s) when the temperature changes most drastically, and gradually stabilizes after the temperature drops to 300–400°C. Considering both cooling efficiency and residual stress control, it is recommended to control the heat transfer coefficient of atomization cooling in the range of 50-200W/(m2·K). The research results can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the controlled cooling process of hot-rolled H-beam. |
| Keywords: | Hot-rolled H-beam; Residual Stress; Atomization Cooling; Numerical Simulation; Temperature Field |
| DOI: | 10.57237/j.mater.2026.01.001 |
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Received: 9 June 2026
Accepted: 22 June 2026
Published Online: 20 July 2026
Funding
| 1. | 华北理工大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No. X2024106) |
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