Progress in the Phenotypic Study of Adult T-cell Leukemia
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| Abstract: | Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first reported human retrovirus. While most of the HTLV-1 infected individuals remain lifelong asymptomatic, a small number of those will develop a malignancy named adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). T-cell biomarkers define distinct T-cell subsets and also reflect their functions and differentiation. Because ATL cells express Treg and Th2 associated biomarkers, they are considered to have a Treg/Th1 phenotype. However, recently it has been discovered that ATL cells express a broad array of genes related to T cell phenotype differentiation, and HTLV-1 oncogenes are deeply implicated in the regulation of ATL phenotype. ATL exhibits significant heterogeneity, and a detailed distinction of ATL phenotypes is extremely important for studying this malignancy. This review introduces the biomarkers of four common CD4+ T cell subtypes, summarizes the regulation of these biomarkers by HTLV-1 viral proteins, and their expression and function in ATL, and discusses the possible reasons for the high heterogeneity observed in ATL. |
| Keywords: | Adult T-cell Leukemia; T cell Phenotype; T Cell Differentiation; HBZ; Tax |
| DOI: | 10.57237/j.mrf.2024.02.001 |
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Received: 3 April 2024
Accepted: 18 April 2024
Published Online: 24 April 2024
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