论解释策略与文本：关于语义确定性问题
1. 西南财经大学, 外国语学院, 四川成都 611130
2. 成都师范学院, 外国语学院, 四川成都 611130
| 摘 要： | 有关语义解读，语境论的立场是在缺乏特定语境的前提下，无论是句子意义亦或词汇意义都无法获得确定。依据这一立场可进一步推导得出：特定认知主体的信念系统将在语义解读上发挥关键作用，语言意义因此因人而异。认可这一立场却否定了以下事实：只要懂得一门语言，就蕴含理解其中按词汇、句法规则所形成的话语，语言具有其严格的字面意义。本文对Fish在解释策略或主体获义上的主张进行了批判性分析，试图在捍卫字面意义的合理地位下说明有关语义解读的确定性。Fish从主体所采取的解释策略出发，认为意义或者文本的生成可完全由主体内在的概念或在后天所逐渐学得的释义方法来解释，并由此推论出主体的获义意向是唯一推动形式或意义凸显的要素，在主体获义意向的推动下第一文本是完全可取消的。然而，本文从主体获义的心理基础出发，并在对解释策略进行概念分析后，得出的结论是：与主体相关的基础语言能力无法被排斥在解释策略之外，这样第一文本中的词汇、句法特征相对于解释策略而言不具有可撤销性，同时由词汇、句法知识所决定的语言形式对于释义主体的解释策略是具有先定性的。 |
| 关 键 词： | 解释策略; 文本; 主体获义; Fish; 语言能力 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.cll.2022.01.005 |
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收稿日期: 2022-09-21
接受日期: 2022-11-09
在线出版日期: 2022-11-23
A Discussion of Interpretive Strategies and Texts: On the Certainty of Language Meaning
1. College of Foreign Languages, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
2. College of Foreign Languages, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| Abstract: | As regards the interpretation of language meaning, contextualism proclaims that both sentence meaning and word meaning cannot be determined in the absence of specific contexts. Based on this, it can be further reasoned that the belief system of one particular individual will significantly impact how the meaning should be interpreted; thus, language meaning should differ greatly among people. Admitting this, however, fails to explain the fact that as long as one understands a language, then the meaning of an utterance composed by the vocabulary and syntactic rule of that language should be available to that person; a language has the literal meaning in the strict sense. This article critically evaluates Fish’s view with regard to interpretive strategies or subjects’ meaning-making, and endeavors to elaborate the certainty in the interpretation of language meaning by virtue of defending the literal meaning. Based on the concept of interpretive strategies, Stanley Fish argues that meanings or texts are completely attributed to the notions held by a reader or the interpretive methods which are learned. Thus, he reasons that one’s disposition to make meanings is the single force to call forms or meanings into being, and the text given on the writer’s part is defeasible. However, the psychological basis for a subject to make meanings and the conceptual analysis of interpretive strategies explain the necessity for the basic linguistic competence to be included in interpretive strategies. This inclusion entails that features of the text in vocabulary and syntax are not defeasible, and the forms decided by language conventions are prior to and decisive on interpretive strategies. |
| Keywords: | Interpretive Strategies; Text; Subjects’ Meaning-Making; Fish; Linguistic Competence |
基金
| 1. | 四川省教育信息化应用与发展研究中心一般课题“类脑智能与外语教育神经科学研究” (JYXX21-008) |
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