老挝语言政策历时研究
1. 马来西亚博特拉大学, 现代语言与传媒学院, 马来西亚吉隆坡 43400
2. 普洱学院, 外国语学院, 云南普洱 665000
| 摘 要： | 本文旨在研究老挝不同历史时期的语言政策：澜沧王国和暹罗属国时期、法国殖民时期、君主制国家时期和社会主义国家时期。基于Lo Bianco和Aliani提出的研究语言政策的“文件”、“话语”和“实践”三维度模型，通过梳理老挝各时期阐述语言使用立场的政策文件、对于政策文件解读的文献资料和对语言实际使用情况的分析，本研究得出以下结论：澜沧王国和暹罗属国时期，原始老挝语与中国南方历史上的百越民族的越语相近。暹罗对老挝长达一个多世纪的统治造成了当今老挝语和泰语高度相似的现象。法国殖民时期，殖民当局在老挝实行语言同化、规范化和去暹罗化的语言政策。君主制国家时期，老挝王国的语言政策属于过渡时期，王室基本延续了法国殖民时期“老挝语言文字委员会”制定的语言教育政策和老挝语拼写规则，将老挝语通过宪法形式确立为官方语言。社会主义国家时期，老挝人民民主共和国政府实行将老挝语作为国家官方语言、通用语言、教学语言的单语制语言政策。尽管单语制语言政策意在培养老挝民族意识、构建国家认同，但这在一定程度上引起了其他少数民族的反对。随后，在完成上述历史使命的同时，老挝政府对单语制政策逐步改良，调整少数民族语言政策，推行多语并存的语言政策。 |
| 关 键 词： | 老挝; 老挝语; 语言政策; 单语制; 多语并存 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.cll.2023.02.002 |
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收稿日期: 2023-03-13
接受日期: 2023-04-10
在线出版日期: 2023-04-25
A Diachronic Study on Language Policy of Laos
1. Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 43400, Malaysia
2. School of Foreign Languages, Pu’er University, Pu’er 665000, China
| Abstract: | The purpose of this research is to examine the language policies of Laos in different historical periods: the Kingdom of Lan Xang and the vassal state of Siam, the French colonial period, the monarchical period, and the socialist period. Based on the three-dimensional model of language policy research proposed by Lo Bianco and Aliani, "Text", "Discourse", and "Practice", through analyzing the Lao policy documents that state the position of language use in different periods, unscrambling the literature on the interpretation of policy documents, and investigating the actual use of language, the following conclusions are drawn: during the period of Kingdom of Lan Xang and the vassal state of Siam, the original Lao was similar to the Yue language spoken by the Baiyue people in the history of southern China. The Lao script is alphabetic writing created from Sanskrit and Pali. More than a century of Siamese rule over Laos resulted in a high degree of similarity between the Lao and Thai languages today. During the French colonial period, the Language policy of assimilation, standardization, and “de-Siamization” was implemented in Laos. In the meantime, French had been the official language, working language, and instruction language, while Lao was an optional subject in the education system. During the monarchical period, it was a transitional period in terms of language policy in the Kingdom of Laos. The Royalist Government of Laos continued the language education policies and spelling rules of Lao formulated by the “Comité Littéraire” of French colonial authorities and established Lao as the official language in the Constitution. During the socialist period, the government of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic adopted the language policy of monolingualism by taking Lao as the official language, national language, and instruction language. The monolingual policy aroused opposition from other ethnic minorities, but it played a role in cultivating Lao national consciousness and constructing a national identity for an emerging multi-ethnic country. While fulfilling this historic mission, the Lao government has gradually improved the monolingual policy, adjusted the policy of minority languages, and implemented the policy of the coexistence of multiple languages. |
| Keywords: | Laos; Lao; Language Policy; Monolingualism; Coexistence of Multiple Languages |
基金
| 1. | 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“‘一带一路’沿线国家的汉语教育与中国文化软实力建设——以老挝为例” (2020J0716) |
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