近30年青藏公路沿线热融湖塘时空变化特征及成因分析
1. 兰州大学, 资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
2. 96843部队, 甘肃兰州 730000
3. 93920部队, 陕西汉中 723000
| 摘 要： | 在气候变暖背景下，近几十年来青藏高原多年冻土急剧退化，其中最明显的特征之一就是热融湖塘的形成。以谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine，GEE）平台为基础，结合野外监测与Landsat数据，分析了青藏公路沿线热融湖塘近30年（1991-2020年）变化规律及影响热融湖塘分布的环境因素。结果表明，1991-2020年青藏公路沿线热融湖塘数量面积变化呈现减小-增加-快速增加-减少的变化趋势，面积从107.14 km²（1991年）增大到184.92 km²（2020年）。2018年青藏公路沿线热融湖塘密度为14.4个/100km²，相比于高原其他区域数量显著。此外，青藏高原热融湖塘数量、面积变化与区域的年平均气温显著正相关（p<0.05），与区域年平均降水量呈现弱的正相关，表明青藏高原热融湖塘数量、面积变化受温度影响较强。研究高原公路沿线热融湖塘的分布变化及成因，对认识多年冻土区生态环境对气候变化对的响应提供了重要依据，也可为青藏公路铁路建设提供重要本底资料，进而服务于我国生态安全屏障建设。 |
| 关 键 词： | 热融湖塘; 气候变暖; 多年冻土; 青藏公路; 区域变化 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.earth.2022.01.001 |
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收稿日期: 2022-09-05
接受日期: 2022-09-19
在线出版日期: 2022-11-01
The Temporal-Spatial Variation and the Cause Analysis of the Thermokarst Lakes Along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in Recent 30 Years
1. Unit 96843, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Unit 93920, Hanzhong 723000, China
| Abstract: | As the climate changed, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) has been experiencing rapid permafrost degradation in the past decades. One of the most remarkable characteristics is the formation of thermokarst lakes. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform (GEE), the distribution of thermokarst lakes along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH) in recent 30 years (1991-2020) are examined, and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of thermokarst lakes are investigated, combined with field monitoring and Landsat data. Both the number and area of thermokarst lakes along QTH show a trend of decreasing - increasing - rapidly increasing - decreasing. The area of thermokarst lakes increased from 107.14 km² in 1991 to 184.92 km² in 2020. In 2018, the density of thermokarst lakes along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway was 14.4 /100km², which is generally high over QTP. The changes in the number and area of the thermokarst lakes on the QTP were significantly positively correlated with the annual mean temperature (p <0.05), while weakly positively correlated with the annual mean precipitation, indicating that the number and area variations of the thermokarst lakes on the QTP were strongly affected by temperature than precipitation. The study on QTP thermokarst lakes provides an investigation of the impact of climate change on the ecology and environment of permafrost regions, background research for the construction of QTH, and further serve the construction of ecological safety barrier in China. |
| Keywords: | Thermokarst Lake; Climate Warming; Permafrost; Qinghai-Tibet Highway; Regional Change |
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