防治“茶树蚧壳虫药物”的研制与应用初报
1. 重庆市涪陵区荔枝街道农业服务中心, 重庆 408000
2. 重庆市涪陵区农产品质量安全中心, 重庆 408000
3. 重庆市涪陵区农业技术推广站, 重庆 408000
| 摘 要： | 笔者受农民将烟草梗与松脂熬制后作为生物农药防治病虫害的启发，针对茶园、果园遭蚧壳虫大面积严重危害而无特效药可治的情况下，经十多年试验研究，发明了一种防治“茶树蚧壳虫药物”。即利用2.5Kg--3.0Kg烟梗叶和0.1--0.3Kg Kg松脂（俗名松香）加入86--90Kg浓度为32%的氢氧化钠溶液中搅拌混合，熬煮1-2小时后过滤，将滤液进行离心分层，使其分为上、下两层，并进行分离，将磷酸分别加入所得的上、下层滤液中，使上层溶液的Ph值为7，加入肥皂进行乳化得溶液A，下层溶液的Ph值为11，加入磷酸二氢钾进行活化得溶液B，在使用时将等量的溶液A、B混合而成乳剂油，因其浓度为25%，故取其磷酸（汉语拼音首字L）和松脂（S）将其命名为25%LS乳剂油；使用时A、B与水按1﹕1﹕80-120的容积比混合配兑，现配现用，以雾化方式对靶标施药。并通过与目前常规杀灭蚧壳虫的药物优乐得进行田间比较试验发现，凡喷施本发明药物--25%LS乳剂油可在蚧壳虫3龄以前达到90.5~98%的防治效果，远高于其他除蚧药物和对照的防治效果；经四川省药检所、原华西医科大学对大白鼠和小白鼠的经口急性毒性试验和对家兔皮肤和眼的刺激试验结果表明：本发明药物属低毒农药。而且施药后茶叶中农药残留量和重金属量均符合符合中华人民共和国国家‘茶叶卫生标准’GB9679-88，属低残留农药。且每亩茶园（果园）可挽回直接经济损失600—1000元，目前已向中华人民共和国国家知识产权局申报，并获得国家发明专利（授权号为：ZL200610054191.5）。 |
| 关 键 词： | 蚧壳虫; 药物; 研制; 初报 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.jaf.2024.02.003 |
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收稿日期: 2024-04-28
接受日期: 2024-05-23
在线出版日期: 2024-05-27
Initial Report on the Development and Application of a Drug for Controlling Tea Scale Insects
1. Agricultural Service Center of Lizhi Street, Fuling District, Chongqing 408000, China
2. Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Centert, Fuling District, Chongqing 408000, China
3. Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Fuling District, Chongqing 408000, China
| Abstract: | Inspired by farmers' practice of boiling tobacco stems and rosin together to create a biopesticide for controlling pests and diseases, the author has developed a drug specifically for controlling tea scale insects. This drug was invented after more than a decade of experimental research, addressing the urgent need for effective treatment against the widespread and severe infestation of scale insects in tea and fruit crops. The drug is made by mixing 2.5Kg-3.0Kg of tobacco stems and leaves with 0.1-0.3Kg of pine resin (commonly known as rosin) in 86-90Kg of a 32% sodium hydroxide solution. After boiling for 1-2 hours, the mixture is filtered, and the filtrate is centrifuged and separated into upper and lower layers. Phosphoric acid is then added to both layers to adjust the pH of the upper layer to 7, and soap is added for emulsification to obtain solution A. The pH of the lower layer is adjusted to 11, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added for activation to obtain solution B. When used, equal volumes of solutions A and B are mixed to create an emulsion oil with a concentration of 25%. Because the main ingredients are phosphoric acid (Pinyin initial L) and rosin (Pinyin initial S), it is named 25% LS emulsion oil. When applying, solutions A and B are mixed with water in a volume ratio of 1:1:80-120. The mixture is prepared and used immediately, and applied to the target area through atomization. Field trials comparing this invention with the commonly used pesticide Youlede for controlling scale insects have shown that spraying 25% LS emulsion oil can achieve a control effect of 90.5-98% against scale insects before they reach the third instar stage, significantly higher than other pesticides and the control effect of the control group. Acute toxicity tests on rats and mice conducted by the Sichuan Institute for Drug Control and the former West China University of Medical Sciences, as well as tests on the irritation of rabbit skin and eyes, have demonstrated that this invention is a low-toxicity pesticide. Furthermore, the pesticide residue and heavy metal content in tea leaves after application are both in compliance with the National "Tea Hygiene Standards" GB9679-88 of the People's Republic of China, indicating that it is a low-residue pesticide. The application of this drug can save direct economic losses of 600-1000 yuan per mu of tea garden (or orchard). The invention has been filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China and has obtained a national invention patent (authorization number: ZL200610054191.5). |
| Keywords: | Scale Insect; Drug; Development; Initial Report |
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