不同打顶方式在棉花上的应用效果研究
新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所, 新疆石河子 832003
| 摘 要： | 开展无人机不同打顶方式对棉花打顶效果的研究，为无人机喷施棉花打顶剂提供技术支撑。通过设计不同打顶方式（人工打顶，无人机和机车）喷施打顶剂3个处理，分析不同处理打顶后对棉花生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：打顶前，不同打顶处理的生长发育参数差别很小，差异不显著。打顶后，人工打顶CK（CL1）株高增加1.2cm，叶龄和果枝台数不变，单株结铃数增加5.4，无人机（CL2）和机车（CL3）不同施药打顶方式的株高增加2.2~2.6cm，叶龄增加0.9~1.1片，果枝台数增加0.3个，单株结铃数增加4~4.6个，，均有效控制了棉花的生长发育。总干重的各处理变化趋势与叶干重一致，均是人工打顶（CK）增加最快，重量最大，30474.8kg/hm2，其次是机车施药打顶（CL3），28519.6 kg/hm2，再次是无人机施药打顶21469.6kg/hm2。籽棉产量最高的是人工打顶CK 7713.0kg/hm2；其次是无人机施药打顶CL2，低于CK 1330.5 kg/hm2；再次是机车施药打顶CL3，低于CK 1072.5kg/hm2。无人机施药打顶的处理CL2品质较好，与机车施药打顶CL3的品质相当。CK的效益最好2.6万元/hm2，其次是机车打顶CL3，效益1.9万元/hm2，效益率0.7%，再次是无人机打顶（CL2）效益1.8万元/hm2。综上，不同打顶方式都能起到打顶效果，对棉花的生长发育、产量和品质影响各不相同，效益也存在差异，可根据实际需要选择使用。 |
| 关 键 词： | 棉花; 无人机; 打顶剂; 施药效果; 产量; 品质 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.jaf.2024.03.001 |
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收稿日期: 2024-05-08
接受日期: 2024-06-17
在线出版日期: 2024-06-18
Study on the Application Effect of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Spraying Chemical Topping Agent on Cotton
Cotton Institute, Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832003, China
| Abstract: | The effect of different topping methods of UAV on cotton topping was studied to provide technical support for spraying cotton topping agent by UAV. By designing three treatments of different topping methods (manual topping, UAV and locomotive) spraying topping agent, the effects of different topping treatments on the growth, yield and quality of cotton were analyzed. The results showed that the growth and development parameters of different topping treatments were not significantly different before topping. After toppling, compared with manual toppling CK (CL1), the plant height increased by 1.2cm, the leaf age and the number of fruit branches remained unchanged, the number of bolling per plant increased by 5.4, the plant height of UAV (CL2) and locomotive (CL3) with different toppling methods increased by 2.1-2.6cm, the leaf age increased by 0.9-1.1 pieces, the number of bolls per plant increased by 4-4.6, and the number of fruit branches increased by 0.3. There was no significant difference between CL2 and CL3, both of which effectively controlled the growth and development of cotton. The change trend of total dry weight was consistent with that of leaf dry weight. Manual topping (CK) had the fastest increase and the largest weight (30474.8kg/hm2), followed by locomotive topping (CL3) with 28519.6 kg/hm2, and UAV topping (21469.6kg/hm2). The highest yield of seed cotton was artificial topping CK 7713.0kg/hm2; The second was CL2, which was lower than CK 1330.5kg /hm2, and the difference was significant. The second is the locomotive topping CL3, lower than CK 1072.5kg/hm2, the difference is significant. The quality of CL2 in the topdressing treatment of UAV is better than that of CL3 in the topdressing treatment of locomotive, and the difference between parameters is significant. CK has the best benefit of 26,000 yuan /hm2, followed by the locomotive topping CL3, with the benefit of 19,000 yuan /hm2 and the benefit rate of 0.7%, The third is the drone top (CL2) benefit of 18,000 yuan /hm2. In summary, different topping methods can play a topping effect, the impact on the growth and development of cotton, yield and quality is different, the benefit is also different, can be selected according to actual needs. |
| Keywords: | Cotton; UAV; In Multi-topping Agent; Spraying Effect; Production; The Quality |
基金
| 1. | 国家重点研发计划: 棉花抗逆栽培技术集成与应用 (2020YFD1001002) |
| 2. | 新疆“天山英才”计划 (2023TSYCCX0126) |
| 3. | 新疆兵团农业创新工程专项: 棉田信息智能采集与智慧管理创新团队 (NCG202304) |
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