CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在肠道厌氧菌研究中的应用
汕头大学理学院, 生物系, 广东汕头 515063
| 摘 要： | 人肠道细菌在机体营养、发育、免疫、甚至心理疾病方面都可能发挥重要作用，有关这类微生物的研究是近年的热门。新型组学技术对肠道微生物组的探索有极大帮助，而单个肠道细菌利用环境中的营养物质，与人体共生、互惠的分子机理则是有别于宏观组学的必要的研究领域，这方面工作中的一个重要研究手段是对肠道厌氧菌进行靶向基因编辑，通过对靶标基因的敲除、替换或插入来验证相关基因的功能及调控机制。传统的细菌基因编辑技术虽然对DNA修饰精度较高，但重组效率低且存在极性突变效应，这在一定程度上阻碍了肠道细菌的功能研究。近年来出现的CRISPR/Cas9技术具有通用性广、设计和操作简单等优势，已广泛应用于多种生物的基因操作。本文简要介绍了CRISPR/Cas9的技术原理，对该技术在肠道细菌研究中的应用现状进行了总结，也对其目前存在的问题和未来的发展趋势做了分析和展望。 |
| 关 键 词： | CRISPR/Cas9; 基因编辑; 肠道细菌; 拟杆菌 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.life.2022.01.002 |
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收稿日期: 2022-11-07
接受日期: 2022-12-15
在线出版日期: 2022-12-15
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Studies of Intestinal Anaerobic Bacteria
Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| Abstract: | Human intestinal bacteria play important roles in the nutrition, development, immunity and even psychological diseases of the host, researches about such microorganisms is prevalent in recent years. New omics technologies are of great help for us to explore new functions and composition of intestinal microbiome, while studies about the molecular mechanisms of the symbiosis and reciprocity between these commensals and host are significant and too, and an important approach in the field is to conduct targeted gene editing for intestinal anaerobes and verify the function of genes by knocking out, replacing or inserting genes. Although the traditional bacterial gene editing technologies show high accuracy for DNA modification, they have low recombination efficiency and a polar mutation effect. This hinders the functional researches of intestinal bacteria. CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which emerged about 10 years ago, has advantages of wide universality, simple design and operation, and has been widely used in gene manipulation of different organisms. This paper briefly introduces the technical principle of CRISPR/Cas9 and summarizes the current application of this technology in researches of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, a few aspects we are concerning and the trends for future development are analyzed as well. |
| Keywords: | CRISPR/Cas9; Gene Editing; Intestinal Bacteria; Bacteroides |
基金
| 1. | 国家自然科学基金 (31970101) |
| 2. | 广东省自然科学基金 (2019A1515011685). |
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