强筋冬小麦植株生育特性和产量对减量供水响应特征研究
河北农业大学, 农学院, 河北保定 071001
| 摘 要： | 明确优良强筋小麦品种及抗逆生理机制对于指导我国优质麦节水栽培具有重要实践意义。本研究针对河北平原区强筋麦生育特性和产量性状有待深入阐明现状，探讨了3个具有示范潜力的强筋麦品种（藁优5218、石优20和师栾02-1）光合特性、渗透调节物质（脯氨酸和可溶性糖）含量、氮素吸收累积、群体性状和产量对减量供水（全生育期灌溉底墒水和拔节水2水）的响应特征。结果表明，与普通筋型对照（石麦22）相比，供试强筋麦品种光合参数（Chl含量、Pn和gs）、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量、群体干质量和产量性状（穗粒数、千粒重和产量）的表现呈不同幅度下降，但其各生育时期植株含氮量和单位面积穗数优于对照。依据供试强筋麦品种生理参数、群体性状和产量及蛋白产量表现优劣，上述品种依次排序为藁优5218、石优20和师栾02-1。其中，藁优5218植株光合参数、渗透调节物质含量和产量表现与对照相近，其籽粒蛋白产量高于对照。回归分析表明，生育期间的脯氨酸合成酶关键基因Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶（P5CS）基因TaP5CS1表达水平与供试品种脯氨酸含量呈高度正相关，各测试时期硝酸盐转运蛋白基因TaNRT2.1转录本丰度与同期植株氮累积量呈显著正相关。表明上述基因在调控节水栽培强筋麦和对照细胞渗透调节能力和植株氮素吸收累积中发挥着重要作用。藁优5218表现相对良好的产量和单位面积蛋白产量，表明该强筋麦品种在节水栽培生产实践中具有重要应用前景。 |
| 关 键 词： | 小麦; NF-YB转录因子; 干旱胁迫; 基因表达; 生理参数 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.life.2022.01.003 |
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收稿日期: 2022-10-26
接受日期: 2022-12-02
在线出版日期: 2022-12-15
Response Characteristics of Growth Properties and Yield of Strong-gluten Winter Wheat Upon the Water-saving Supply Condition
College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| Abstract: | Identification of the wheat cultivars with excellent strong-gluten property and the related stress resistance-associated physiological mechanism can provide practical basis for guiding the high-quality wheat cultivation under water-saving conditions. With an aim to understand the growth characteristics and yield traits of strong-gluten wheat in Hebei plain, this study investigated the photosynthetic characteristics, contents of osmotic regulatory substances (proline and soluble sugar), nitrogen uptake and accumulation, population characteristics and yield of strong-gluten wheat varieties (Gaoyou 5218, Shiyou 20 and Shishi Luan 02-1), three ones with demonstration potential, in response to reduction of water supply (irrigated prior to seed sowing and joint stage over the whole growth period). Results showed that compared with control (a common-gluten type cultivar Shimai 22), the photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll content and Pn and gs), proline and soluble sugar contents, plant biomass, and the yield traits (grain number per spike, 1000 grain weight, and yield) were alleviated to different degrees. In contrast, the plant nitrogen content, population stem numbers, and spike amounts per planting unit area were shown to be superior to the control. According to the physiological parameters, population plant growth traits, yield and protein yield, the tested strong-gluten wheat cultivars were ranked in an order of Gaoyou 5218, Shiyou 20, and Shiluan 02-1, with the first one displaying the best on behaviors of photosynthetic parameters, osmotic regulation substance content and yield and to be similar to those shown in the control cultivar. Moreover, the grain protein yield of Gaoyou 5218 plants was higher than that of the control. Regression analysis showed that the expression level of Δ1-pyrrolin-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) gene TaP5CS1 was highly positively correlated with the proline content of the tested varieties during growth stages, and the transcript abundance of nitrate transporter gene TaNRT2.1 was significantly positively correlated with the nitrogen accumulative amount of plants during the same growth period. These results indicated that above genes played an important role in regulating the osmotic regulation ability and nitrogen uptake and accumulation of the strong-gluten and control cultivars under water-saving cultivation conditions. Gaoyou 5218 showed relatively elite yield and protein yield per unit area, indicating that this cultivar has an important application prospective for strong-gluten wheat cultivation. |
| Keywords: | Wheat (Triticum aestivum); Strong Gluten and High-Quality; Water-saving Cultivation; Yield; Protein Yield |
基金
| 1. | 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目 (216Z6401G) |
| 2. | 国家自然科学基金项目 (31872869). |
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