热轧H型钢冷却过程残余应力数值模拟及雾化冷却优化
华北理工大学, 冶金与能源学院, 河北唐山 063210
| 摘 要： | H型钢断面呈“工”字形，空冷时腹板与翼缘冷却速率差异较大，易在截面内产生较大的残余应力，影响构件的尺寸精度与承载能力。为探究残余应力的形成规律及翼缘雾化冷却的调控效果，以Q235B热轧H型钢为研究对象，采用SolidWorks建立三维几何模型，并基于Abaqus平台建立热-力耦合有限元模型。模拟了自然空冷以及翼缘外表面对流换热系数分别为100W/(m2·K)和150W/(m2·K)两种雾化冷却工况下的温度场演变与残余应力分布。结果表明：自然空冷条件下，冷却速度较慢，最大残余应力约为98MPa，主要集中在翼缘与腹板交接处，腹板中部残余应力约为16MPa；采用翼缘雾化冷却后，冷却效率明显提高，温度场分布更加均匀，残余应力大幅降低——当换热系数为100W/(m2·K)时，最大残余应力降至0.1114MPa；当换热系数提高至150W/(m2·K)时，进一步降至0.0591MPa。无论何种冷却方式，残余应力均在冷却初期（前3000s）温度变化最剧烈的阶段出现剧烈波动，当温度降至300~400℃后逐渐趋于稳定。综合考虑冷却效率与残余应力控制，建议雾化冷却的换热系数控制在50~200W/(m2·K)范围内。研究结果可为热轧H型钢控冷工艺优化提供理论依据。 |
| 关 键 词： | 热轧H型钢; 残余应力; 雾化冷却; 数值模拟; 温度场 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.mater.2026.01.001 |
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收稿日期: 2026-06-09
接受日期: 2026-06-22
在线出版日期: 2026-07-20
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress and Atomization Cooling Optimization for Hot-Rolled H-Beam
College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| Abstract: | The I-shaped cross-section of hot-rolled H-beam leads to a significant difference in cooling rate between the web and flange during air cooling, which tends to generate large residual stress within the section, affecting the dimensional accuracy and load-bearing capacity of the member. To investigate the formation mechanism of residual stress and the control effect of flange atomization cooling, Q235B hot-rolled H-beam was taken as the research object. A three-dimensional geometric model was established using SolidWorks, and a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model was built on the Abaqus platform. The temperature field evolution and residual stress distribution under natural air cooling and two atomization cooling conditions (with convective heat transfer coefficients of 100 W/(m2·K) and 150 W/(m2·K) on the flange surface) were simulated. The results show that under natural air cooling, the cooling rate is relatively low, the maximum residual stress is about 98 MPa, mainly concentrated at the junction of the flange and web, and the residual stress in the middle of the web is about 16 MPa. After adopting flange atomization cooling, the cooling efficiency is significantly improved, the temperature field becomes more uniform, and the residual stress is greatly reduced. When the heat transfer coefficient is 100 W/(m2·K), the maximum residual stress drops to 0.1114MPa; when it is increased to 150 W/(m2·K), it further decreases to 0.0591 MPa. Regardless of the cooling method, the residual stress fluctuates most severely during the initial cooling stage (the first 3000 s) when the temperature changes most drastically, and gradually stabilizes after the temperature drops to 300–400°C. Considering both cooling efficiency and residual stress control, it is recommended to control the heat transfer coefficient of atomization cooling in the range of 50-200W/(m2·K). The research results can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the controlled cooling process of hot-rolled H-beam. |
| Keywords: | Hot-rolled H-beam; Residual Stress; Atomization Cooling; Numerical Simulation; Temperature Field |
基金
| 1. | 华北理工大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No. X2024106) |
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