Omicron毒株全球流行趋势下减毒活疫苗的开发策略及研究进展
1. 天津大学, 生命科学学院, 天津 300072
2. 中逸安科生物技术股份有限公司, 天津 300400
| 摘 要： | 新冠病毒的持续变异给疫苗研发和应用的全球抗疫进程带来新的挑战，随着Omicron毒株已占主导地位的全球大流行的背景之下，创新疫苗成为全球科研上新的征战。减毒活疫苗在全球消除脊灰、麻疹等重要传染病行动计划中发挥了重要作用，且减毒活疫苗在动物冠状病毒的预防控制中具有先进的运用实践，所以它在新冠疫情的防控中应当成为一条重要的研发管线。本文从冠状病毒血清型和流行病R0方面分析其必要性，从动物减毒冠状病毒活疫苗的运用中分析其可行性。重点对COVI-VAC、d16、CPD和VAS5四种目前完成临床前研究的减毒活疫苗，从设计原理、减毒株生长特性、动物安全性、免疫原性和交叉保护效果方面进行分析讨论。基于现代疫苗学和基因组学的深入研究，新冠减毒活疫苗的开发具备理论和实践基础。 |
| 关 键 词： | 新冠病毒; Omicron株; 减毒活疫苗; 中和抗体; 交叉保护 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.mrf.2024.01.001 |
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收稿日期: 2023-11-30
接受日期: 2023-12-27
在线出版日期: 2024-01-20
Reviewed the Research Strategy and Progress of SARS-CoV-2 Live Attenuated Vaccine Under the Global Omicron Epidemic Trend
1. School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. The Zhongyi Anke Biotech Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300400, China
| Abstract: | Since the continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2, it became new challenges to the global COVID-19 epidemic, including vaccine prevention and treatment. Because of the global pandemic Omicron strain, which had been dominant epidemic strain, the new innovative vaccine had been improved into an important field, by global scientists. Live attenuated vaccines (LAV) had played a key role in the global action plan to eliminate polio, measles and other important infectious diseases. Additionally, LAV had advanced practical experience in the prevention and control of animal coronaviruses. So the LAV of SARS-CoV-2 should be seriously considered as a useful and important way. In this review, it analyzed its necessity from coronavirus serotype and epidemic R0 trend, and studied its feasibility from the application of animal coronavirus LAV. Herein, it focused on the four kinds of SARS-CoV-2 LAV that had completed their preclinical studies, COVI-VAC, d16, CPD and VAS5. Regarding their design principles, the growth characteristics of attenuated strains, their safety and immunogenicity in animal model and their cross-protection effects, these were all analyzed and discussed. So, the SARS-CoV-2 LAV had a solid theoretical and practical foundation, base on the modern vaccinology and genomics progress. |
| Keywords: | SARS-CoV-2; Omicron Strain; Live Attenuated Vaccines; Neutralizing Antibody; Cross Protection |
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