关于中国新污染物监测和风险评估的若干思考
宁波海洋中心, 自然资源部, 浙江宁波 315000
| 摘 要： | 近年来，随着中国工业的发展迅速，新污染物的风险日益显现。从中国早已明确提出“重视新污染物治理”到生态环境部会同有关部门印发了《重点管控新污染物清单（2023年版）》，中国新污染物筛查监测和风险评估显得尤为重要。文章主要介绍了中国在筛选识别策略和分析方法体系方面取得持续进展，相继发展了“从物质到风险”和“从风险到物质”的研究策略，并搭建了高通量多功能成组毒理学分析系统（Integrated Toxicity Analysis system, ITA），并针对性地建立了评估潜在污染物环境行为能力的方法框架。目前国际上广泛关注的持久性有机污染物、内分泌干扰物、抗生素和微塑料这四类新污染物，并根据中国目前的新污染物研究现状和发展趋势。此外，结合新污染物最新研究进展，提出了若干思考和建议，包括加强新污染物研究和技术交流、健全调查监测技术体系、完善法律法规与建立健全标准规范体系等对策措施。 |
| 关 键 词： | 新污染物; 监测; 风险评估; 建议 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.res.2024.02.002 |
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收稿日期: 2024-03-20
接受日期: 2024-05-11
在线出版日期: 2024-05-23
Reflections on Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants in China
Ministry of Natural Resources, Ningbo Oceanographic Center, Ningbo 315000, China
| Abstract: | In recent years, with the rapid development of China's industry, the risks of new pollutants have become increasingly apparent. From China's long-standing emphasis on "attaching importance to the governance of new pollutants" to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment's issuance of the "List of Key Controlled New Pollutants (2023 Edition)" in conjunction with relevant departments, screening, monitoring, and risk assessment of new pollutants in China have become particularly important. This article mainly introduces the continuous progress China has made in screening and identifying strategies and analytical methodologies, developing research strategies from "substance to risk" and "risk to substance", and building a high-throughput multifunctional group toxicity analysis system (ITA). It also establishes a methodological framework for evaluating the environmental behavior of potential pollutants. Currently, there are four types of new pollutants that have received widespread attention internationally, including persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, and microplastics. According to China's current research status and development trends of new pollutants, combined with the latest research progress on new pollutants, several reflections and suggestions are proposed, including strengthening research and technical exchanges on new pollutants, improving the investigation and monitoring technology system, improving laws and regulations, and establishing a sound standard and specification system. |
| Keywords: | Emerging Contaminants; Monitoring; Risk Assessment; Suggestions |
基金
| 1. | 国家海洋局东海分局青年海洋科学基金 (202209) |
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