话语的概念内涵与话语分析的理论系谱
中南林业科技大学, 外国语学院, 湖南长沙 410004
| 摘 要： | 话语分析已成为人文社会科学的重要研究途径，所涉及的学科、学派与理论广泛。相关研究文献同以“话语”或者“话语分析”命名，但其中“话语”的概念内涵与分析模式差异显著，背后实则是理论源流与理论系谱的不同。早期话语分析关注语言结构，“话语”被定义为超出单句长度的语段，属于结构主义语言学范式。功能视角的话语分析强调语言的应用，突出语言使用者、语言使用者目的和意图，或者是情景语境，包括形式/功能分析和语境分析两种路径。社会科学领域的话语分析，致力于揭示话语中的社会矛盾、冲突与公平问题，以及在宏观社会文化历史进程中话语的建构作用，话语是语言在其中扮演核心角色的社会实践形式，属于后结构主义范式。功能视角与后结构主义范式话语分析相融合后产生批评话语分析这一跨学科领域，秉承后结构主义语言观，关怀社会实践层面，同时重视语言文本。Van Dijk的“话语-认知-社会”分析模型、Wodak的“话语/历史”分析模式，以及Fairclough的“社会事件-社会实践-社会结构”分析框架是其中的典型代表。 |
| 关 键 词： | 话语; 概念内涵; 话语分析; 理论系谱 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.ssrf.2023.02.003 |
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收稿日期: 2023-02-23
接受日期: 2023-04-10
在线出版日期: 2023-04-25
The Concepts of Discourse and the Theoretical Genealogy of Discourse Analysis
School of Foreign Languages, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| Abstract: | Discourse analysis has become an important research approach in humanities and social sciences, involving a wide range of disciplines, schools and theories. Among the research literatures, which are named “discourse” or “discourse analysis”, there are significant differences in conceptual connotation and analysis frameworks, which are actually different from the theoretical origin and genealogy. In early studies, in view of structural linguistics, discourse is defined as “language above the sentence”, and discourse analysis is focused on the structure of language. The discourse analysis from the functional perspective emphasizes the use of language, highlighting the language users, the purpose and intention of the language users, or the situational context, including form/function analysis and context analysis. In social science, in approach of post-structuralism, discourse is “a form of social practice in which language plays a central role”, and discourse analysis is dedicated to revealing the social contradictions, conflicts and fairness, as well as the constructive role of discourse in the macro-social, cultural and historical process. The convergence of functional perspective and post-structuralist paradigm of discourse analysis has led to critical discourse analysis, an interdisciplinary field which inherits the post-structuralist view of language, cares about social practice, and at the same time attaches importance to linguistic texts. van Dijk's “Discourse-Cognitive-Social” analysis model, Wodak's “Discourse/History” critical discourse analysis model, and Fairclough's “Social event, Social practice, and Social structure" analytical framework are the typical representatives of critical discourse analysis. |
| Keywords: | Discourse; Conceptual Connotation; Discourse Analysis; Theoretical Pedigree |
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