“全面二孩”政策对女性劳动参与率的影响研究
重庆理工大学, 重庆知识产权学院, 重庆 400054
| 摘 要： | 中国正处于人口政策快速调整的关键时期，这一变化会对女性劳动参与率产生深刻影响，而女性劳动参与率的变化关乎妇女的经济独立性、家庭社会地位及整体社会生产率。在这一背景下，本文使用2014年和2016年的CFPS追踪数据，利用双重差分法计量方法定量分析了“全面二孩”政策对女性劳动力市场参与率的影响及其影响异质性特征。研究结果发现，“全面二孩”政策推行显著降低了女性劳动参与率，下降幅度达到7.29%。当更换关键因变量时，该结果依然稳健。通过进一步研究发现，该影响呈现出显著的异质性特征，即该政策的实施对农村女性劳动力和已经有一个子女的女性劳动参与的影响更加深刻与显著。因此，政府、社会、企业层面应当采取更为灵活的就业扶持措施，在保障生育政策的顺利进行，促进生育水平提高的同时，还应加强教育培训力度，提升育龄夫妇收入能力；增加公共养老服务供给，保障生活权益；为解决政策的推行会显著降低了女性劳动参与率的问题提供有效解决方案。 |
| 关 键 词： | “全面二孩”政策; 女性劳动参与率; 双重差分方法 |
| DOI： | 10.57237/j.ssrf.2023.04.001 |
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收稿日期: 2023-06-11
接受日期: 2023-07-14
在线出版日期: 2023-07-24
Study on the Impact of the "Comprehensive Two-Child" Policy on Women's Labor Force Participation Rate
Chongqing Institute of Intellectual Property, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| Abstract: | China is at a critical juncture in its rapid population policy adjustment, which will have a profound impact on women's labor-force participation rate, which is related to women's economic independence, the social status of their families, and overall productivity. Against this background, we used CFPS tracking data from 2014 and 2016 to quantitatively analyze the impact of the "comprehensive two-child" policy on female labor-market participation and its heterogeneity, using a dual difference measurement. The study found that the introduction of the "comprehensive two-child" policy significantly reduced female labour participation by 7.29%. The results were still robust when the key variables were changed. Further research has shown that the impact is significantly heterogeneous, i.e. the implementation of the policy has a deeper and more pronounced impact on rural female labour force and female labour participation with one child. Therefore, more flexible employment support measures should be adopted at the government, social and enterprise levels. While ensuring the smooth implementation of child-bearing policies and promoting higher levels of child-bearing, education and training should also be strengthened to improve the earning capacity of couples of child-bearing age. Increase the supply of public pension services and safeguard the rights and interests of the living; Provide effective solutions to the problem that the implementation of policies significantly reduces female labour participation. |
| Keywords: | Comprehensive Two-Child Policy; Female Labor Force Participation Rate; Double Difference Method |
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