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Abstract: Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), is a very important disease in pig industry. NLRs and TLRs may involve in the pathogenesis of this disease. It was reported that IRFs played an important role in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors during infectious diseases, thus regulating the occurrence of inflammation and the antibacterial reaction, In order to investigate their role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary lesions in porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, we employed a mouse model of intranasal infection by App, which resulted in lung inflammation. Mice showed dyspnea and anorexia after intranasal inoculation with App at post-inoculation 48 h. In the autopsy, the lungs were found to be severely damaged by acute hemorrhagic pneumonia. The histopathologic changes were characterized by hemorrhage, eosnophils and lymphocyte infiltration. Expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-1β、IL-6, interferon-α(INF-α), toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), TLR-4, interferon regulatory factor-1(IRF-1), IRF-5, IRF-7, and NLRP-3 were increased significantly concomitantly with decreased expression of IRF-3 and IRF-4 in the lung of App infected mice compared with control (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The present results suggest that TLR/NLRs signaling may synergistically activate IRFs in mouse pleuropneumonia model induced by App and then regulate the inflammatory response and lung inflammation in mice.Abstract: Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), is a very important disease in pig industry. NLRs and TLRs may involve in the pathogenesis of this disease. It was reported that IRFs played an important role in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors during infectious diseases, thus regulating the occur...Learn More
Abstract: Human intestinal bacteria play important roles in the nutrition, development, immunity and even psychological diseases of the host, researches about such microorganisms is prevalent in recent years. New omics technologies are of great help for us to explore new functions and composition of intestinal microbiome, while studies about the molecular mechanisms of the symbiosis and reciprocity between these commensals and host are significant and too, and an important approach in the field is to conduct targeted gene editing for intestinal anaerobes and verify the function of genes by knocking out, replacing or inserting genes. Although the traditional bacterial gene editing technologies show high accuracy for DNA modification, they have low recombination efficiency and a polar mutation effect. This hinders the functional researches of intestinal bacteria. CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which emerged about 10 years ago, has advantages of wide universality, simple design and operation, and has been widely used in gene manipulation of different organisms. This paper briefly introduces the technical principle of CRISPR/Cas9 and summarizes the current application of this technology in researches of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, a few aspects we are concerning and the trends for future development are analyzed as well.Abstract: Human intestinal bacteria play important roles in the nutrition, development, immunity and even psychological diseases of the host, researches about such microorganisms is prevalent in recent years. New omics technologies are of great help for us to explore new functions and composition of intestinal microbiome, while studies about the molecular me...Learn More
Abstract: Identification of the wheat cultivars with excellent strong-gluten property and the related stress resistance-associated physiological mechanism can provide practical basis for guiding the high-quality wheat cultivation under water-saving conditions. With an aim to understand the growth characteristics and yield traits of strong-gluten wheat in Hebei plain, this study investigated the photosynthetic characteristics, contents of osmotic regulatory substances (proline and soluble sugar), nitrogen uptake and accumulation, population characteristics and yield of strong-gluten wheat varieties (Gaoyou 5218, Shiyou 20 and Shishi Luan 02-1), three ones with demonstration potential, in response to reduction of water supply (irrigated prior to seed sowing and joint stage over the whole growth period). Results showed that compared with control (a common-gluten type cultivar Shimai 22), the photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll content and Pn and gs), proline and soluble sugar contents, plant biomass, and the yield traits (grain number per spike, 1000 grain weight, and yield) were alleviated to different degrees. In contrast, the plant nitrogen content, population stem numbers, and spike amounts per planting unit area were shown to be superior to the control. According to the physiological parameters, population plant growth traits, yield and protein yield, the tested strong-gluten wheat cultivars were ranked in an order of Gaoyou 5218, Shiyou 20, and Shiluan 02-1, with the first one displaying the best on behaviors of photosynthetic parameters, osmotic regulation substance content and yield and to be similar to those shown in the control cultivar. Moreover, the grain protein yield of Gaoyou 5218 plants was higher than that of the control. Regression analysis showed that the expression level of Δ1-pyrrolin-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) gene TaP5CS1 was highly positively correlated with the proline content of the tested varieties during growth stages, and the transcript abundance of nitrate transporter gene TaNRT2.1 was significantly positively correlated with the nitrogen accumulative amount of plants during the same growth period. These results indicated that above genes played an important role in regulating the osmotic regulation ability and nitrogen uptake and accumulation of the strong-gluten and control cultivars under water-saving cultivation conditions. Gaoyou 5218 showed relatively elite yield and protein yield per unit area, indicating that this cultivar has an important application prospective for strong-gluten wheat cultivation.Abstract: Identification of the wheat cultivars with excellent strong-gluten property and the related stress resistance-associated physiological mechanism can provide practical basis for guiding the high-quality wheat cultivation under water-saving conditions. With an aim to understand the growth characteristics and yield traits of strong-gluten wheat in Heb...Learn More
Abstract: Objective: The effective components of Fructus Aurantii, Pulsatilla chinensis, Schisandra chinensis, Sanguisorba officinalis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Terminalia chebula, Rheum officinale, Punica granatum, Fructus Mume, Cortex Phellodendri and Coptis chinensis were extracted, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of components from these Traditional Chinese Medicines were analyzed in vitro against Staphylococcus chromogenes, S. xylosus, S. pseudintermedius, Yokenella regensburgei, Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the application and development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in clinical treatment. Methods: The effective components of Traditional Chinese Medicines were extracted by alcohol extraction, and the minimal inhibitory concentration of single Traditional Chinese Medicine was determined by tube dilution method. Results: S. chinensis, P. granatum, F. Mume and T. chebula showed the most significant bacteriostatic effects on S. xylosus (MICs were all 62.50 mg/mL); S. chinensis presented the most significant antibacterial effect on S. chromogenes (MIC was 31.25 mg/mL); S. chinensis, P. granatum and T. chebula had the most significant bacteriostatic effects on S. pseudointermedia (MICs were all 31.25 mg/mL); S. chinensis, S. officinalis, T. chebula, R. officinale, F. Mume and C. chinensis had the most significant bacteriostatic effects on Y. regensburgei (MICs were all 15.60 mg/mL); The inhibitory effect of S. officinalis on A. hydrophila was the most significant (MIC was 1.95 mg/mL); F. Mume had the most significant antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae (MIC was 0.98 mg/mL). Conclusion: S. chinensis, F. mume and T. chebula et al. have good antibacterial effects, thus providing basis for the clinical application of these Traditional Chinese Medicines.Abstract: Objective: The effective components of Fructus Aurantii, Pulsatilla chinensis, Schisandra chinensis, Sanguisorba officinalis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Terminalia chebula, Rheum officinale, Punica granatum, Fructus Mume, Cortex Phellodendri and Coptis chinensis were extracted, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of components from these Tradit...Learn More
Abstract: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding RNA which is widely existed in organisms. It is a closed RNA molecule formed by back splicing. CircRNAs have highly structural stability, sequence conservation and tissue specificity. A large number of circRNAs have been identified for the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and other technologies in plants, which becomes a new field of non-coding RNA research. CircRNA functions acting as microRNA sponge, in regulating gene expression and splicing of transcripts. More and more research results reveal that circRNAs play an important role in organism development and resistance to the external environment. However, at present, we know very little about the biogenesis, function and molecular mechanism of circRNAs in plants, especially the regulation of back splicing of circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the advances in research progress of plant circRNAs, mainly focusing on the alternative splicing of circRNAs and their functions in flowering transition and stress responses. This review will provide an extended understanding of the regulation of biogenesis and molecular mechanism of circRNAs in plants.Abstract: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding RNA which is widely existed in organisms. It is a closed RNA molecule formed by back splicing. CircRNAs have highly structural stability, sequence conservation and tissue specificity. A large number of circRNAs have been identified for the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and...Learn More
