Medical Research Frontiers is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to advancing research the field of medical research. The journal provides a rapid publication process to ensure wide dissemination of high-quality articles to scientists, professionals, and interested individuals worldwide. Our goal is to serve as an efficient, reliable, and trusted platform for scholars and readers, publishing cutting-edge research in the field.
Abstract: Background: Cyanobacterial blooms caused by eutrophication can not only worsen the water environment, but also produce cyanobacterial toxins when some toxic cyanobacterial blooms proliferate. Microcystin is one of the most abundant cyanobacterial toxins found in reservoirs worldwide. Among its isomer, microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most abundant and most toxic variety. Various experiments have clearly shown that MC-LR has hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity, but there are relatively few studies on its immune damage effect. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a wide range of biological processes. Do miRNAs also play a role in immune disorders caused by microcystin exposure? This is the question to be discussed in this study. Objective: By reviewing the effects of microcystins on the immune system, the changes of miRNAs caused by microcystins exposure and the role of miRNAs in immune regulation, we further explore the possible important role of miRNAs in immune disorders induced by microcystins exposure. Methods: Firstly, evidence of the influence of microcystin on immune system was collected, then the influence of microcystin exposure on microRNAs expression was reviewed, and finally, the role of microRNAs in immune regulation was explored. Conclusions: Exposure to microcystin in vitro or in vivo can cause changes in the expression of miRNAs, as well as corresponding responses from the body's immune system. There has been evidence that miRNAs are involved in a variety of immune regulatory processes in the body, but there are still relatively few studies on the role of miRNAs in immune disorders caused by microcystins exposure.Abstract: Background: Cyanobacterial blooms caused by eutrophication can not only worsen the water environment, but also produce cyanobacterial toxins when some toxic cyanobacterial blooms proliferate. Microcystin is one of the most abundant cyanobacterial toxins found in reservoirs worldwide. Among its isomer, microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the mos...Learn More
Abstract: The trend of drug abuse is widespread in the world. As a new type of drug, methamphetamine (METH) has been taken by most abusers in China. There was a long methamphetamine abusing history until now, it could cause excitatory and hallucinogenic and bring serious consequences to the abusers. The consequence of methamphetamine abuse reflected in a serious damage to the nervous system, cardiovascular system and digestive system of abusers, the abnormal nervous system made abusers have strong dependence on this drug. Therefore, drug intervention to METH abuse has become an urgent problem to medical community and society. By now, there have been a variety of synthesis researches worked on western medicines and Chinese tradition medicines, which confirmed that they played important role in inhibiting dependence of methamphetamine abuse addiction, regulating or restoring the normal function of nervous and digestive systems. This study will take the relative mechanism of METH abuse causing body harm as the breakthrough point, then give a brief overview to aim at the specific role of drug intervention to the improvement of body's tissues and organs, and the regulation of related molecular mechanisms.Abstract: The trend of drug abuse is widespread in the world. As a new type of drug, methamphetamine (METH) has been taken by most abusers in China. There was a long methamphetamine abusing history until now, it could cause excitatory and hallucinogenic and bring serious consequences to the abusers. The consequence of methamphetamine abuse reflected in a ser...Learn More
Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinically, there is extensive overlap between the symptoms of both disorders, which poses a major diagnostic challenge. This study examined the heterogeneity of ASD and ADHD by selecting indicators derived from neuropsychological and/or neuroimaging tests, and using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to conduct research on high-functioning ASD and ADHD, so as to further elucidate the significance of different indicators in the differentiation of these two disorders. From January 2018 to June 2019, 33 children with high-functioning ASD, 35 with high-functioning ADHD and 30 typically developing (TD) children were recruited in the community during the same period and enrolled in the study. All participants were required to avoid taking neuropsychiatric drugs for 1 week before functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted, and to stay awake and to minimize head motion during scans. Then, the collected brain image data were preprocessed to ReHo index on the dparsfa (http://www.restfmri.net/forum/DPARSF) platform, and differences in the regional homogeneity (ReHo) value of the three groups of subjects were compared and analyzed using Statistical Parametric Matching software, which took into account ReHo classification characteristics. Spearman’s correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the voxel values of the extracted difference masses correlated with the category labels, and the support vector machine method was employed to respectively test the classification accuracy of the single ReHo index for the three groups of participants and the accuracy of constructing model discrimination type in joint behavioral indexes. A comparative analysis of differences in ReHo characteristics among the three groups showed differences in SupraMarginal_R, Parietal_Sup_L, Parietal_Inf_R and Cerebelum_Crus2_L (P < 0.05). The distribution of relative ReHo values in this mass region was TD>ASD>ADHD, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Further extracting voxel values of the three groups, using the participants' differential masses as characteristics, it was found that the maximum classification Accuracy (ACC) and Area Under Curve (AUC) of the brain resting-state local consistency index (ReHo) were 60.74% and 0.6671, respectively. Compared with the classification using resting-state local consistency (ReHo) features alone, the maximum ACC and AUC in combination with ReHo index and specific scale features were 73.53% and 0.7943, respectively. Classification accuracy was improved when combining a specific scale with the ReHo index, and this may prove more helpful for clinical auxiliary diagnosis.Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinically, there is extensive overlap between the symptoms of both disorders, which poses a major diagnostic challenge. This study examined the heterogeneity of ASD and ADHD by selecting indicators derived from neuropsycholog...Learn More
Abstract: Lymphoma is a common hematological malignancy in young population. During the treatment of lymphoma, the gonadal damage caused by chemotherapy cannot be ignored for the reverse impact on the reproductive function of the patients during survivorship. As the survival period of lymphoma patients has increasingly extended, fertility preservation is now a hot topic. Fertility preservation methods for female patients currently include embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, pharmacological protection therapy, etc. Among them, pharmacological protection therapy has a wide range of applications thanks to its cheapness and easy implementation. It is based on the use of gonadal function-related hormone analogues, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists, with the effort to slow down the progression of premature ovarian failure and thus preserve the long-term reproductive potential. Although most studies suggest that it has a clear reproductive protective effect, there are still some research results that hold different opinions, especially for high-risk patients requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This article aims to summarize the current status of clinical application of drug reproductive protection therapy and provide ideas for long-term reproductive protection for lymphoma patients with reproductive needs.Abstract: Lymphoma is a common hematological malignancy in young population. During the treatment of lymphoma, the gonadal damage caused by chemotherapy cannot be ignored for the reverse impact on the reproductive function of the patients during survivorship. As the survival period of lymphoma patients has increasingly extended, fertility preservation is now...Learn More
Abstract: Opioid drugs are widely used in the treatment of cancer pain. Renal dysfunction slows down the clearance of opioids, which can easily lead to drug accumulation and overdose, posing a challenge to safe medication. This article takes a patient with cancerous abdominal pain and chronic low back pain combined with severe renal function damage as an example. This patient experienced central inhibitory, such as somnolence, hypoxemia, and needle like pupil contraction during the use of oxycodone sustained-release tablets for pain treatment. Clinical pharmacist conducted a comprehensive pain assessment of patient and adjusted oxycodone sustained-release tablets to tramadol capsules. The physician followed the pharmacist's advice and the patient's pain was satisfactorily controlled without obvious adverse effects. This article discusses the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of commonly used opioid drugs in clinical practice, as well as their application in patients with renal function impairment. This article also provides an in-depth analysis of the application of oxycodone and tramadol in patients with cancer pain, chronic low back pain, and renal function damage, based on case studies. This case suggests that for patients with severe renal dysfunction and opioid intolerance, it is not only necessary to choose drugs that are less reliance on renal clearance and short acting formulations, but also to gradually titrate from a small dose to an appropriate dose; For pain patients with complex clinical conditions, physicians should focus on collaborating with pharmacists to develop personalized and refined medication plans for patients, in order to achieve satisfactory pain control and ensure patient medication safety.Abstract: Opioid drugs are widely used in the treatment of cancer pain. Renal dysfunction slows down the clearance of opioids, which can easily lead to drug accumulation and overdose, posing a challenge to safe medication. This article takes a patient with cancerous abdominal pain and chronic low back pain combined with severe renal function damage as an exa...Learn More
Abstract: Background: Changes in lifestyle and reduction in physical activity have led to a continuous increase in the number of obese people in my country, but the criteria for determining obesity are different. Body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used indicator for obesity research. Objective: To evaluate the authenticity, reliability and profitability of the obesity determination standard of body mass index (BMI) of college students, using the body fat rate obesity determination standard proposed by the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the gold standard, and to discuss BMI as a diagnostic performance and suitable cut-off value for excess body fat percentage. Methods: 1208 college students (557 males and 651 females) were tested, the height and weight were measured to calculate BMI, and the electrical impedance method was used to measure the percentage of body fat (BF%) and the ROC curve cutoff value to construct the BMI obesity diagnosis. standard. Results: The authenticity evaluation of BMI as an obesity screening standard showed high specificity and false negative rate, but low false positive rate and sensitivity; especially for women, the sensitivity was 0.05. Males had higher crude concordance and Youden index than females. When the overall cut-off value of ROC curve analysis was 23.05kg/m2, the specificity and sensitivity were high; when the cut-off values for men and women were 23.67kg/m2 and 23.35kg/m2, the sensitivity was low, the specificity was high, and the misdiagnosis rate was low; BF% was used as the When determining the criteria, the diagnostic performance of BMI and male and female groups was good. Conclusion: When the BMI criterion is 28kg/m2, the overall sensitivity is low and male is higher than that of female; the overall specificity is high and the misdiagnosis rate is low. When the BMI obesity diagnosis value is 23.05kg/m2, it can effectively improve the sensitivity, reduce the missed diagnosis rate, reduce the missed diagnosis of "occult obesity", improve the evaluation of obesity in the population, and miss the opportunity for intervention.Abstract: Background: Changes in lifestyle and reduction in physical activity have led to a continuous increase in the number of obese people in my country, but the criteria for determining obesity are different. Body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used indicator for obesity research. Objective: To evaluate the authenticity, reliability and profitabil...Learn More
