Medical Research Frontiers is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to advancing research the field of medical research. The journal provides a rapid publication process to ensure wide dissemination of high-quality articles to scientists, professionals, and interested individuals worldwide. Our goal is to serve as an efficient, reliable, and trusted platform for scholars and readers, publishing cutting-edge research in the field.
Abstract: Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first reported human retrovirus. While most of the HTLV-1 infected individuals remain lifelong asymptomatic, a small number of those will develop a malignancy named adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). T-cell biomarkers define distinct T-cell subsets and also reflect their functions and differentiation. Because ATL cells express Treg and Th2 associated biomarkers, they are considered to have a Treg/Th1 phenotype. However, recently it has been discovered that ATL cells express a broad array of genes related to T cell phenotype differentiation, and HTLV-1 oncogenes are deeply implicated in the regulation of ATL phenotype. ATL exhibits significant heterogeneity, and a detailed distinction of ATL phenotypes is extremely important for studying this malignancy. This review introduces the biomarkers of four common CD4+ T cell subtypes, summarizes the regulation of these biomarkers by HTLV-1 viral proteins, and their expression and function in ATL, and discusses the possible reasons for the high heterogeneity observed in ATL.Abstract: Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first reported human retrovirus. While most of the HTLV-1 infected individuals remain lifelong asymptomatic, a small number of those will develop a malignancy named adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). T-cell biomarkers define distinct T-cell subsets and also reflect their functions and differentiation. Be...Learn More
Abstract: Objective: To conduct long-term economic evaluation of two adjuvant treatments of Gastroma Guteng Yin in the treatment of hypertension and only using conventional western medicine in the treatment of hypertension, so as to provide reasonable basis for intervention drugs for hypertension. Methods: From the perspective of Medicare payers, a Markov model was constructed using the results of the latest clinical studies on the treatment of hypertension with the addition of Tianma Hook Teng Drink combined with antihypertensive drugs as a source of data, through which the development of the disease was simulated, and the cost and utility of the two regimens for the treatment of hypertension were analyzed, after which sensitivity analyses were performed to check the stability of the results. Results: The cumulative cost after 20 years of treatment with Tianma Hook Teng Drink Plus in combination with conventional western medicines was $56,865.29, with a health output of 10.38 QALYs, while the cumulative cost after 20 years of treatment with western medicines only was $5813.91, with a health output of 9.62 QALYs, and an ICER of $51,051.38/QALY. Sensitivity analysis showed that unidirectional and probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the results remained unchanged within the acceptable range and did not affect the model results, indicating that the economy was good and could be used. Conclusion: Gastroma Guteng Yin combined with antihypertensive drugs can be used as a better treatment for hypertension, which has good health improvement and economic effects, and can be widely used in clinic.Abstract: Objective: To conduct long-term economic evaluation of two adjuvant treatments of Gastroma Guteng Yin in the treatment of hypertension and only using conventional western medicine in the treatment of hypertension, so as to provide reasonable basis for intervention drugs for hypertension. Methods: From the perspective of Medicare payers, a Markov mo...Learn More
